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Top 10 Major Differences Between C And JAVA

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By on Coding

In the realm of programming, two giants that have consistently dominated the field are C and Java. Both languages have been pillars that supported the growth and evolution of modern computing. Yet, despite their shared significance, these two titans are as different as chalk and cheese when it comes to their structure, usage, and capabilities. In this blog, we’ll delve into the top 10 fundamental differences between C and Java, offering insights that will help both beginners and seasoned programmers understand their unique characteristics and applications better. So whether you’re just starting your programming journey or seeking to deepen your existing knowledge, stay tuned as we embark on this comparative journey.

CJAVA
Type of Programming LanguageC is a procedural, middle-level language.Java is an object-oriented, high-level language.
Procedural vs Object-Oriented C is a procedural language, focusing on functions and procedures.Java is an object-oriented programming language, that promotes concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.
Platform IndependencePlatform-dependent, as a C program must be recompiled for each platform it’s to be run on.Platform-independent, which means you can run the same Java program on different platforms without making any changes to the source code.
Memory ManagementRequires manual intervention for memory management, leaving room for potential memory leaks if handled improperly.Memory allocation and deallocation are handled automatically by the Garbage Collector.
Exception HandlingC lacks this feature; any error conditions must be manually defined and handled.Java has built-in exception handling with try, catch, and finally blocks.
Runtime Error CheckingC does not have this feature, making it vulnerable to crashes.Java has runtime error checking, reducing the likelihood of system crashes.
ThreadsC does not support threads, relying on third-party libraries for multithreading.Java natively supports multithreading, allowing concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program for maximum utilization of CPU.
Use of PointersC uses pointers extensively, which can lead to powerful but potentially unsafe operations.Java does not support the use of pointers, which can lead to increased security as direct manipulation of memory addresses is prevented.
SecurityC provides a lower level of security. Its extensive use of pointers and lack of built-in security mechanisms make it more susceptible to security issues such as buffer overflows and memory leaks.Java is inherently more secure than C due to its robust security features, including no pointer arithmetic, automatic garbage collection, and the security manager that defines the access of classes.
OverloadingC does not support overloading.Java supports method overloading, allowing multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

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Table of Contents
C Language & Its History
History of Java
C vs Java in 2023
Conclusion

C Language & Its History

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The C programming language, an influential and widely adopted language, has a rich history. Developed in the early 1970s at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie, C was designed for and first implemented on the UNIX operating system on the DEC PDP-11. C was an evolution of the B language, which itself was a derivative of BCPL. It brought in elements of structured programming and provided low-level access to memory. Its design philosophy emphasizes simplicity and the ability to scale, which made it popular for system and application software, such as operating systems and various application software for computers ranging from supercomputers to embedded systems. The influence of C is palpable in many modern languages, including Java and C++, which borrowed syntax, data types, and operators from C.

C language, over the years, has gained popularity for its efficiency and control. It offers programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory. The syntax of the C language is compact and clear, which makes it easier to understand by the programmer. Moreover, due to its compactness, programs written in C language tend to be faster than those written in other high-level languages. But, the simplicity and speed come at the cost of making it more error-prone, requiring programmers to manage their own memory and deal with the potential for issues like memory leaks. Despite these challenges, the influence of C can still be seen today, not only in systems programming but also in teaching curriculums of computer science due to its fundamental role in building the structure of various operating systems like Windows, UNIX and Linux.

History of Java

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Java, a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language, is concurrent, general-purpose, and designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle Corporation), Java was introduced in 1995 and quickly gained wide acceptance due to its “write once, run anywhere” (WORA) capabilities. This means that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java’s syntax is similar to that of C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The language is well-known for its simplicity in coding and debugging, and it’s particularly valued in the development of large-scale enterprise applications, mobile applications, web-based content, games, and even the distributed computing realm involving networks and servers.

Java is also renowned for its robust security features and dedicated garbage collection mechanism that handles memory management, minimizing the risk of memory leaks—a significant improvement over the C language. Its ‘automatic garbage collection’ feature automatically frees up memory resources that are no longer in use, thereby managing memory on behalf of the programmer. Moreover, the introduction of Java’s Exception Handling mechanism significantly reduces the chances of your program crashing by providing a systematic way to detect and handle exceptions, or issues that arise during execution. Java’s wide-ranging use across various domains—be it big data, banking services, retail, information technology, Android app development, Stock market, scientific and research community, or even in distributed computing—can be attributed to its versatility, scalability, and user-friendly features, making it a language of choice for both newbies and experienced programmers alike.

C vs Java in 2023

In 2023, the choice between C and Java will largely depend on the specific project requirements and the coder’s proficiency. C, being a procedural language, is ideal for system programming, embedded systems, and situations where direct hardware manipulation is required. Its performance efficiency is almost unrivaled, which makes it a perfect choice for time-critical jobs. On the other hand, Java, an object-oriented language, has significant advantages in large-scale application development, network programming, and web development due to its simplicity, memory management, and built-in security features. Its platform-independent nature means compiled Java code can be run anywhere, which is a boon in today’s heterogeneous computing environments. However, Java may be slower than C and consume more memory. Therefore, in 2023, the decision to use C or Java will be shaped by the balance between the need for speed and efficiency, and the need for object-oriented programming, platform independence, and built-in features for safety and simplicity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both Java and C hold their unique positions in the realm of programming languages even in 2023. It’s not about one being superior to the other, but more about choosing the right tool for the right job based on project requirements and the programmer’s skill set. C remains a powerful tool for system-level programming and time-sensitive tasks, while Java continues to be a go-to choice for large-scale, network, and web development projects due to its object-oriented approach, platform independence, and built-in security features. Ultimately, the choice between C and Java should be guided by the project’s unique needs and the resources available, ensuring the most effective and efficient solution is achieved.

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82 Comments

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  39. shiva prasad on

    very nice…. but i want more differences between c and java and also b/w java and .net..

    so please send me to my mail address as soon as possible…

    Reply
  64. rahul on

    fadu……

    can include
    threads
    more gui based
    All the primitive types in Java have well-defined sizes. In C, the size of short, int, and long types is platform-dependent, which hampers portability
    Java doesn’t support a goto statement.
    C requires local variable declarations to be made at the beginning of a method or block, while Java allows them anywhere in a method or block.
    The Java compiler is smarter than the C compiler, in that it allows methods to be invoked before they are defined.
    Java doesn’t support C struct and union types.

    rahul.me.408@gmail.com

    Reply
  70. jiban on

    i think a answer that the difference between C,C++ and java is only ABSTRACTION. bcz there is no abstraction in C but in C++ there is abstraction but in java there is more abstraction. is this answer is correct?

    Reply

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